Luxating Patella & Rehabilitation in Dogs

What is Luxating Patella in Dogs?
Luxating patella is a condition where the kneecap (patella) moves out of its normal position, typically shifting medially (toward the inside of the leg). It’s especially common in small breed dogs but can occur in dogs of any size. This misalignment can lead to intermittent lameness, discomfort, and altered gait patterns. In more advanced cases, we can also see arthritis or long-term joint changes.

Luxating patella is typically graded from I (mild) to IV (severe). Many mild to moderate cases can be managed conservatively with a focused rehabilitation program.

How Can Rehabilitation Help?
Rehabilitation is a key part of managing luxating patella, particularly for dogs who are not surgical candidates or are recovering from surgery. A structured rehab plan helps improve joint stability, reduce discomfort, and support healthy movement patterns.

Rehab benefits include:

✔️ Strengthening muscles that stabilize the knee, especially the quadriceps and hip muscles
✔️ Promoting proper alignment and patellar tracking
✔️ Reducing compensatory strain on other joints
✔️ Improving balance and coordination
✔️ Supporting a smoother recovery after surgery, if performed
✔️ Helping your dog stay comfortable, mobile, and active

Rehabilitation Strategies for Dogs with Luxating Patella:

  • Therapeutic Exercise: Customized, progressive exercises focus on building strength in the quadriceps, hip abductors, and core muscles to support the knee and improve limb control.

  • Proprioceptive and Balance Work: Controlled movements on varied surfaces help improve joint awareness, stability, and motor control, reducing the risk of injury and further luxation.

  • Manual Therapy Techniques: Hands-on techniques such as passive range of motion, joint mobilizations, and soft tissue work may be used to improve flexibility, reduce stiffness, and support normal mechanics.

  • Client Education & Home Program: Owners are given clear guidance on home exercises, activity modifications, and ways to support recovery and long-term joint health.

  • Weight Management: Maintaining a lean body condition helps minimize excess strain on the knees and reduce luxation episodes.

  • Joint Health Support: Discussing appropriate supplements with your veterinarian may support long-term joint function.

With proper rehabilitation, many dogs with luxating patella can live active, comfortable lives - without surgery or as part of a well-supported post-op plan.